“Can a merchant-funded rewards network become the default commerce media layer for every non-Chase/Amex card issuer?”
Kard (Kard Financial, Inc.) was founded in 2015 in New York as a card-linked offers / loyalty platform for card issuers. Over time it has repositioned as a 'commerce media network' — using first-party transaction data from millions of cardholders to power merchant-funded, personalized rewards for banks, fintechs, and credit unions. It is not a bank, PSP, or issuer-processor; it sits alongside issuers as a rewards / offers infrastructure layer. (Note: distinct from the unrelated French teen-banking startup 'Kard SAS' at kard.eu, which is now out of business.)