← Embedded Finance Index 2026/Networks
For whoever runs a card network

The network is no longer the rail

Your authorisation data shows you everything routed through you and nothing routed around you. Across 4,682 analysed companies that embed financial products — the buyers, not the vendors selling to them — 551 disclose an account-to-account rail and 228 name a card network at all — 2.4× more of the former. Where a card still appears, it is increasingly the spend-out veneer over settlement somebody else owns.

551
Disclose A2A rails
Open-banking / account-to-account, out of 4,682 analysed companies.
228
Name a card network
Visa, Mastercard, Amex and the rest, combined. 4.9% of the dataset.
244
Disclose stablecoin rails
Of which 40 issue a stablecoin of their own.
What it looks like when it happens to you
Western Union moves remittances for 100M customers. Its new card is the last mile of a stack where the network no longer touches settlement.
Settlement
USDPT, Western Union's own stablecoin — issued by Anchorage Digital Bank on Solana
Wallet + issuing
Rain, a Visa and Mastercard principal member
Network
Visa — spend acceptance only, at the edge of the flow
Reach
37 markets at launch, targeting 60+
The interchange survives. The settlement economics, the float and the FX spread move to a chain and a custody bank. Western Union investor relations.

Where the money actually moves

Rails named in companies’ own sourced stack text, ranked by how many disclose them. Blue rails settle without a card network. Purple ones still need you — note how far down the list they start.

ACH
322
no card needed
SEPA
137
no card needed
SWIFT
99
no card needed
UPI
56
no card needed
RTP
52
no card needed
Pix
49
no card needed
Faster Payments
43
no card needed
Wire
42
no card needed
Visa Direct
36
card-dependent
SEPA Instant
27
no card needed
FedNow
21
no card needed
Push-to-card
18
card-dependent
iDEAL
13
no card needed
Fedwire
9
no card needed

Your distribution, as disclosed

Read each line right to left: the network is the last link, and everything between it and the cardholder belongs to someone else. 36 companies disclose all three links — network, issuer-processor and sponsor bank. Those are the relationships that decide which network a program launches on, and none of them are yours.

Visa129Mastercard123American Express30Discover7UnionPay5JCB3Diners Club2Mada2
Card networkIssuer-processorSponsor bankVisa → Marqeta: 7 programsMastercard → Marqeta: 4 programsMastercard → Pathward: 2 programsMastercard → Paymentology: 2 programsVisa → Pathward: 2 programsVisa → Stripe Issuing: 2 programsVisa → Pliant: 2 programsMastercard → i2c: 1 programMastercard → Sutton Bank: 1 programNapas → Galileo: 1 programVisa → Galileo: 1 programVisa → Paymentology: 1 programSutton Bank → Sutton Bank: 19 programsPathward → Pathward: 12 programsMarqeta → Column: 4 programsMarqeta → Pathward: 3 programsStripe Issuing → Celtic Bank: 3 programsGalileo → The Bancorp Bank: 2 programsGalileo → Pathward: 2 programsMarqeta → Sutton Bank: 2 programsMarqeta → Transact Payments: 2 programsStripe Issuing → Evolve Bank & Trust: 2 programsGalileo → Evolve Bank & Trust: 1 programGalileo → Cross River: 1 programGalileo → Stride Bank: 1 programi2c → Stride Bank: 1 programi2c → The Bancorp Bank: 1 programi2c → Cross River: 1 programMarqeta → Evolve Bank & Trust: 1 programMarqeta → Stride Bank: 1 programMarqeta → Celtic Bank: 1 programSutton Bank → Cross River: 1 programSutton Bank → Evolve Bank & Trust: 1 programSutton Bank → Stride Bank: 1 programSutton Bank → Celtic Bank: 1 programSutton Bank → The Bancorp Bank: 1 programVisa: 15 programsVisa 15Mastercard: 10 programsMastercard 10Napas: 1 programNapas 1Sutton Bank: 24 programsSutton Bank 24Marqeta: 14 programsMarqeta 14Pathward: 12 programsPathward 12Galileo: 7 programsGalileo 7Stripe Issuing: 5 programsStripe Issuing 5i2c: 3 programsi2c 3Paymentology: 3 programsPaymentology 3Pliant: 2 programsPliant 2Enfuce: 0 programsEnfuce 0Sutton Bank: 21 programsSutton Bank 21Pathward: 17 programsPathward 17Celtic Bank: 5 programsCeltic Bank 5Evolve Bank & Trust: 5 programsEvolve Bank & Trust 5Column: 4 programsColumn 4Stride Bank: 4 programsStride Bank 4The Bancorp Bank: 4 programsThe Bancorp Bank 4Cross River: 3 programsCross River 3Transact Payments: 2 programsTransact Payments 2
Band thickness = disclosed programs. Showing the 9 issuer-processors and 9 sponsor banks carrying the most flow, of 380 and 278 disclosed — the tail is real and is not drawn.
Program by program
The full view names the company at the end of every band — 33 programs across 8 networks, each with its issuer-processor and sponsor bank where disclosed.
A readable sample, capped per network rather than exhaustive. 36 companies in the dataset disclose all three links; the report carries those, and every other layer of their stacks.
Request access →
Who actually decides — issuer-processors by disclosed programs
Marqeta 59Paymentology 26Stripe Issuing 24Sutton Bank 21Enfuce 20Galileo 18i2c 17Pliant 17Pathward 16American Express Sync 14Adyen 13Thredd 13Swan 12Lithic 11Evolve Bank & Trust 10Nium 9
Analysis
Money-movement rails
Leaderboards
Sponsor banksBaaSCard issuingKYC / compliance
Regions
USUKEU
What these numbers are, and are not

Every figure counts companies that disclose something in public sources — documentation, subprocessor lists, press releases, filings — across 4,682analysed companies that embed financial products into their own product — buyers of embedded finance, not the providers selling it. None of it is transaction volume, revenue, or market share, and it should not be read as a proxy for them: a single disclosed A2A integration and a billion-transaction card program count once each. What disclosure frequency does measure is which rails builders consider worth naming when they describe how their product moves money — which is the leading indicator, not the trailing one. Rail names come from companies’ sourced stack text, so a rail used but never named is absent. Card-push rails (Visa Direct, Mastercard Send) are counted as card-dependent, not A2A, which makes the gap this page describes narrower than a looser definition would.

By theApideck research team— the unified API platform behind this analysis.